Orthodontic tooth movement results from appropriate force application of both compression and
tension which affect the response and remodeling of periodontium tissue surrounding the teeth. The tissue remodeling process arises through the inflammatory pathway. The compression side brings about bone J DENT ASSOC THAI VOL.67 NO.1 JANUARY - MARCH 2017 16 Article in Press resorption, while the tension side supports bone formation. As a consequence of this, tooth movement occurs. Moreover, the role of various periodontal cells and mediators such as cytokines and even neurotransmitters also support such a response during force application. The objective of this review article is to present the mechanobiological responses of periodontal tissues and alveolar bone in orthodontic tooth movement.