The aim of this study was to assess the effects of blood contamination on the apatite formation, pH and
ion release of three calcium silicate-based materials. ProRoot MTA (WMTA), Biodentine and TotalFill BC RRM putty
(TRRM) were exposed to blood (blood-contaminated condition) or normal saline (non-blood-contaminated condition)
for 24 hours. Samples were divided into 6 groups: WMTA without blood, WMTA with blood, Biodentine without blood,
Biodentine with blood, TRRM without blood and TRRM with blood. Three samples of each group were analysed for
apatite formation using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectoscope (EDX) integrated into
a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days.
Five samples of each group were used to measure pH, calcium and silicon ion release using a pH meter and inductively
coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) after immersion in deionized water for 1, 7, 14 and 28
days. Apatite formation was found in the blood-contaminated groups later than the non-blood-contaminated groups.
In both conditions, WMTA demonstrated apatite formation earlier than other materials. The pH and calcium ion
release of the materials were not significantly affected by blood contamination (P>0.05). Silicon ion release was
reduced in all blood-contaminated groups (P<0.05). Blood contamination delays apatite formation and decreases
silicon ion release of calcium silicate-based materials.