The color of anterior teeth is usually different in nature. Therefore, knowing the color differences of these teeth is useful in cosmetic dentistry. The aim of this study was to analyze the CIE L*a*b* color coordinates, the color differences, and tooth shade among the maxillary central incisor, the lateral incisor, the canine, and the premolar in a group of 181 Thai participants (75 males and 106 females) aged 18 to 30 years old who were recruited for this study. The color coordinate of L*, a*, b*, and tooth shade according to the VITA 3D-Master shade guide of the maxillary anterior teeth and the premolar were measured by a spectrophotometer. The color coordinates were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe multiple comparisons. The lightness difference (|∆L*|), redness-greenness difference (|∆a*|), blueness-yellowness difference (|∆b*|), and the total color difference (∆E*ab) among the central incisor, the lateral incisor, the canine, and the premolar were calculated and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Both male and female participants presented similar results. ∆E*ab between the maxillary canine and the central incisor was the highest. The central incisor was the lightest, followed by the lateral incisor and the premolar. The canine showed more red and yellow colors followed by the premolar and the lateral incisor. The |∆b*| was greater than the |∆L*| and |∆a*| in all groups except for a group of the canine/premolar. It can be concluded that the color differences between all maxillary anterior teeth and the premolar were mainly due to the influence of the color yellow. The higher the lightness, the lower the red and yellow colors will be found. The most common shades are 2M2 for the central and the lateral incisor, 2M3 for the canine and the premolar in young Thai adults.