The Universal Coverage policy introduces major changes in Thailand’s dental profession. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of Universal Coverage (UC) Program on dental practice profiles among Thai active practicing dentists. A systematic random sample of 3,876 dentists in Thailand was surveyed by mailed questionnaires. Data were collected on their participation in the UC Program and on practice profiles. After two rounds of mailing, 1,712 dentists returned questionnaires (response rate = 49.7%). The number of active practicing dentists was 1,260. The results showed that UC dentists accounted for 55.8% of dental workforce in 2002, mostly in district hospitals. Several significant differences in practice profiles were identified between UC and non-UC dentists. UC dentists were more likely to treat larger number of patients, deliver more extractions and restorations, and deliver more sealants, as compared to non – UC dentists. UC dentists also reported a significantly higher level of job stress than non – UC dentists (62.7% vs. 21.0%, p < .001). In conclusion, this study elucidates the impact of UC Program on Thai dentists’ practice profiles,
which were not in accord with the oral health promotion paradigm.