This study aimed to compare the efficacy of banding cement on enamel demineralization at the area adjacent to cemented bands. This in vitro study was conducted on 60 human premolars. The teeth were smooth polished and painted with nail varnish, except a   1 x 2 mm² window on the middle of distal surfaces. Sixty teeth were divided into 6 groups: (1) zinc phosphate cement (ZP), (2) zinc polycarboxylate cement (ZPC), (3) conventional glass ionomer cement (GI), (4) resin-modified glass ionomer cement - powder/liquid (RMGI-PL), (5) resin-modified glass ionomer cement - paste/paste (RMGI-PP), and (6) polyacid-modified composite resin (PMCR). All specimens were themocycled for 24 hours, and pH cycled for 21 days. The teeth were then debanded, decemented, mesiodistally sectioned, and assessed by cross-sectional microhardness. Determinations were made at cervical points 50, 400 and 700 micron away from the band margin and beneath the bands. In all of these positions, 6 indentations were made at depth of 10, 25, 40, 60, 80, and 100 micron from the polished enamel surface. The enamel cross-sectional microhardness reductions of each cement type was found that RMGI-PP < ZPC < GI < ZP = RMGI-PL < PMCR. The multiple comparison test of percent change cross-sectional microhardness showed that the RMGI-PP and ZPC groups were significantly less than the RMGI-PL and PMCR groups at depths of 10 micron. There were no statistically significant differences between the RMGI-PP, ZPC, GI and ZP groups at 50 micron from the band margins. It is concluded that RMGI-PP showed the most effective results in inhibiting demineralization at the area adjacent to cemented bands, but not different effective for reducing superficial enamel demineralization surrounding bands between RMGI-PP, ZPC, GI, and ZP.