JOURNAL OF THE DENTAL ASSOCIATION OF THAILAND

  • Issue 4 volume 70
  • Issue 3 volume 70
  • Issue 2 volume 70
  • Issue 1 volume 70
1
Page : 252-261

Title : Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Upper Premolar with MOD Cavity Restored by Direct Resin Composite Combined with Fiber-Reinforced Composite Posts

Author(s) : Chaiwat Maneenut, Nadaprapai Khwanpuang

Keyword(s) : Endodontically treated premolar,Fiber-reinforced composite post,Fracture strength,Resin composite

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 252-261

The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture strength and fracture pattern of a previously endodontically treated premolar with MOD cavity when restored with a resin composite together with prefabricated fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) and novel unpolymerized fiber-reinforced composite (UPF) posts. Forty intact human maxillary premolars with single root and two canals were embedded in resin molds with simulated periodontal ligament. The specimens were divided into five groups: 1) Sound premolar (positive control); 2) Non-restored endodontically treated premolar with MOD cavity (negative control); 3) Endodontically treated premolar with MOD cavity restored with resin composite; 4) Endodontically treated premolar with MOD cavity restored with FRC post and resin composite; 5) Endodontically treated premolar with MOD cavity restored with UPF post and resin composite. All specimens were subjected to 500,000 cycles of cyclic loading and 10,000 cycles of thermocycling. The specimens were loaded to fracture at an angle of 45° on palatal cusp. The sound premolar had the highest fracture strength (510.92 ± 106.54 N) while the non-restored premolar had the lowest strength (73.88 ± 20.52 N). Using the post with resin composite restoration significantly increased the strength of the tooth. However, there was no significant difference in the strength between using FRC and UPF post. Most of the specimens had a favorable fracture. In conclusion, fiber-reinforced composite post positively increased the fracture strength when restored endodontically treated premolar with MOD cavity using resin composite but did not affect the fracture pattern. The type of post did not affect the fracture strength of the restored tooth.
2
Page : 262-273

Title : Comparative the Bacterial Aerosol Contamination during Ultrasonic Scaling of Two Type of Ultrasonic Scalers

Author(s) : Suchaya Jirapintu, Romanee Kudngaongarm, Suwunna Tienungoon

Keyword(s) : ฺBacterial aerosol,Ultrasonic scaling,Ultrasonic scalers,Magnetostrictive scaler,Piezoelectric scaler

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 262-273

During routine dental procedures, performing aerosols generating procedure is sometime inevitably. For example, scaling with ultrasonic machine generate both aerosols and droplets which highly contaminate with microorganisms that post a risk to dental staffs. The objectives of this study were to compare the bacterial aerosol contamination during ultrasonic scaling by using magnetostrictive scaler and piezoelectric scaler and to evaluate the duration of the remaining aerosol contamination after using both types of them. Ten subjects were recruited from staffs and patients at Institute of Dentistry, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health. A split-mouth design was utilized and two treatments were performed on each subject in the same size of two separated rooms: 1) using magnetostrictve scaler; and 2) using piezoelectric scaler. The right or left side of the subject’s mouth was randomly assigned to one of the two treatments. Blood agar plates were placed and exposed to the air for 15 minutes at 3 sites: A) patient’s chest areas, B) dentist’s cabinets, and C) dental assistant’s cabinets. These setting plates were collected at 4 intervals: before ultrasonic scaling 30 minutes, during ultrasonic scaling and after ultrasonic scaling 30 and 60 minutes. All plates were incubated at 35oC for 72 hours and counted for colony forming units (CFUs). The results showed significant increasing in the mean of bacterial counts during using both types of ultrasonic scalers at all sites (p<0.05). The using magnetostrictive scaler presented a statistically significant greater mean of bacterial counts than using 
 piezoelectric scaler at all sites (p= 0.012, 0.036, and 0.036). In addition, the number of bacterial counts was the highest at the patient’s chest areas (99.50 CFUs). The average bacterial counts from using both types of ultrasonic scalers were significantly reduced at 30 and 60 minutes after ultrasonic scaling (p<0.05). This study indicates that the magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler produces the bacterial aerosol contamination greater than the piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler. Moreover, both types of these ultrasonic scalers are dramatically decreased at 30 minutes after ultrasonic scaling (p<0.05).
3
Page : 274-279

Title : Interobserver Agreement in Proximal Caries Detection from a Smartphone Display

Author(s) : Napas Lappanakokiat, Soontra Panmekiate

Keyword(s) : Bacterial aerosol,Ultrasonic scaling,Ultrasonic Scalers,Magnetostrictive scaler,Piezoelectric scaler

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 274-279

The aim of this study was to report an inter-observer agreement in proximal caries detection from digital bitewing radiographs viewed and evaluated on a smartphone display. A total of 200 proximal surfacesfrom digital bitewing radiographs stored in the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) of Chulalongkorn University dental hospital were selected. Images of selected radiographs were exported in JPEG format and transferred to an iPhone 8 plus. Each proximal surface was viewed and evaluated by seven observers in a dimly lit room (ambient light intensity < 100 lux). The ratings were on a 5-point-scale. Weighted kappa test was used to determine agreement among observers. Inter-observer agreement among observers ranged from moderate to almost perfect (0.47 - 0.82). Images of digital bitewing radiographs viewed on a smartphone provided an acceptable result in terms of consistency between dentists and may be considered one of the methods used for proximal caries detection.
4
Page : 280-289

Title : In-vitro Remineralization of Dentine Carious Lesions after Application of Silver Diamine Fluoride (Thai Product) Compared with Commercial Brand

Author(s) : Chutima Trairatvorakul, Kantaporn Kunpanichakit, Oranuch Techatharatip, Tirayut Vilaivan, Panida Thanyasrisung

Keyword(s) : Remineralization,Lesion Depth,Mineral Density,Silver Diamine Fluoride,Dentine Carious Lesion

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 280-289

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the remineralization efficacy between dentine carious lesions in primary teeth after an application of a silver diamine fluoride Thai product or a commercial SDF. The samples comprised 30 primary molar blocks with natural dentine carious lesions. The baseline mineral density (MD) was 
 determined using a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) that was used to calculated lesion depth (LD) and mean mineral density (mean MD). The samples were randomized into three groups: SDF (Thai product), commercial SDF (Saforide®: Toyo Seiyaku Kesei, Japan) and deionized water (control group), respectively. After undergoing a bacterial pH-cycling challenge, the samples were re-evaluated for MD and the LD, mean MD, %LD change and %MD change was calculated. The results demonstrated that the mean %MD change of the three groups were 38.9 ± 18.1, 60.2 ± 30.6 and 4.5 ± 7.6 respectively. The mean %MD change in the SDF (Thai product) and Saforide® groups were comparable but significantly different higher that the control (p<0.001). The LD at baseline and post-test of each group did not significantly change (p>0.05). In conclusion, SDF (Thai product) and Saforide® have a similar efficacy in remineralizing dentine carious lesions in primary teeth
5
Page : 290-296

Title : Effect of Vitamin C Suspension on Micro Tensile Bond Strength of Non-vital Bleached Dentin to Resin Composite Restoration

Author(s) : Boondarick Niyatiwatchanchai, Chaiwat Maneenut

Keyword(s) : Antioxidant,Bleaching,Bond strength,Micro tensile,Vitamin C

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 290-296

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin C suspension prepared from vitamin C tablets on micro tensile bond strength of bleached dentin to resin composite. Thirty human premolars were used. Cavities with a width and height of 3 mm and 4 mm depth were prepared. The teeth were then divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (control) consisted of premolars which are restored with resin composite without bleaching. Group 2 consisted of premolars bleached with 35 % hydrogen peroxide, irrigated with 10 % Vitamin C suspension prepared from vitamin C tablets for 10 minutes and then restored with resin composite. Group 3 consisted of premolars bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide, then restored with resin composite immediately. After restoration, the samples were sectioned and micro tensile bond strength tests were performed with a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s statistics test at 5 % significance level. Bond strength in each group were statistically different. Group 1 presented the highest bond strength value, followed by group 2 and group 3 consecutively. 10 % vitamin C suspension affected the micro tensile bond strength of non-vital bleached dentin to resin composite by increasing the bond strength. However, the bond strength value was still lower than the unbleached group.
6
Page : 297-304

Title : Influence of Curved Root Canal on Retreatment Efficacy of Bioceramic Sealer

Author(s) : Piyanee Panitvisai, Kasemsun Sujaritwanit

Keyword(s) : Retreatment,Curved root canal,MicroCT,Bioceramic sealer

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 297-304

This study evaluated the influence of a curved root canal on the retreatment efficacy of root canals sealed with a bioceramic sealer. Thirty mandibular molars were divided into two groups of severely-curved canals and slightly-curved canals. Root canals were filled with BioRoot RCS and matched-taper single-cone technique. Two weeks after root canal obturation, retreatment was performed with WaveOne Gold Primary with passive ultrasonic irrigation. The retreatment efficacy was evaluated by regaining canal patency, retreatment time, and percentage of residual filling material. Regaining canal patency was compared with the Chi-square test. Retreatment time and percentage of residual filling material were compared using independent sample t-test at the 0.05 confidence level. The regaining canal patency, retreatment time and percentage of residual filling material were not significantly different between severely-curved canal group and slightly-curved canal group. Severely-curved canal filled with BioRoot RCS showed no significant difference in retreatment efficacy from slightly-curved canal filled with BioRoot RCS.
7
Page : 305-311

Title : Dispersion of Microorganisms in the Air During Oral Surgical Procedure Using Low Speed Micromotor

Author(s) : Keskanya Subbalekha, Siriphun Kattapong, Ruchanee Ampornaramveth

Keyword(s) : Dispersion,Micromotor,Bacteria in the air,Fungus in the air,Oral surgery

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 305-311

The aim of this study was to compare the amount of bacteria and fungi in the air during oral surgical procedures between operations using micromotor and operations without micromotor. Bacteria and fungi in the air were collected before and during tooth extraction (non-micromotor using operations) or impacted tooth removal (micromotor using operations) by placing culture plates at 4 positions including the patient’s head and feet, operator’s side, and assistant’s side. The colony forming units were counted after culture at 37oC for 24-48 hours. The results revealed non-significant increasing of bacteria and fungi during oral surgical procedure in both groups (Mann-Whitney U test). During tooth extraction, the number of bacteria increased at all positions except at the operator’s side. During impaction removal, the number of bacteria decreased at the patient’s feet position and increased at other positions. The number of fungi decreased at the assistant’s side during extraction and also at the operator’s side and patient’s feet during impacted tooth removal, while increased at other positions (Wilcoxon Signed-rank test). In conclusion, oral surgical procedures, with or without using of micromotor, caused dispersion of bacteria and fungi in the air.
8
Page : 312-319

Title : The Mental Index and Panoramic Mandibular Index in Elderly Patients: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study

Author(s) : Sorasun Rungsiyanont, Sineepat Talungchit, Sukritta Sirijindanameerat, Paktheema Phoontongphan, Viya Songsomboon

Keyword(s) : Bone mineral density,Mental Index,Panoramic Mandibular Index,Panoramic film,Osteoporosis

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 312-319

Osteoporosis is one of clinical problem in the elderly. Many previous studies focused on the index that obtained from dental radiography. For using as an adjunctive technique and benefit for the cost reduction in the osteoporosis screening. This research aims to investigate the differences of mental index (MI) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) between male and female patients (age above 50 years) of Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University. The digital panoramic radiographs were obtained from year 2013-2019. Data was analyzed by independent T-test and Pierson Chi-Square test at statistical significance p<0.05. Results showed there were 942 subjects that fit in the inclusion criteria.  There were 363 male (average age 60.36 years) and 579 female (average age 60.15 years). From MI, there were 0.36 cm for male group and 0.35 cm for female group. When compare this index between male and female, there showed no statistically different (p=0.129). From PMI, there were 0.29 for male group and 0.31 for female group. From PMI, there were difference between male and female (p=0.00). Moreover, the correlations between the two indices values were in the same direction at high level (61.5 %). From the result, sex factor influenced only PMI. However, this recent data may not be conclusive for the relationships between these 2 indices and osteoporosis. Noticeable, the PMI in males and females were significantly different. Other than its traditional use as a diagnostic aid in dental treatment, panoramic radiography could be applied to evaluate osteoporosis by PMI analysis. There will be benefits for the patients who are in urgent need of osteoporotic diagnosis and treatment.
1
Page : 170-181

Title : The Usage of Nasoform in Two Newborns with Unilateral Cleft Lip: Case Reports

Author(s) : Panarat Kodkeaw, Ubonwan Sermchaiwong, Krit Khwanngern

Keyword(s) : Nasoform,Nasoalveolar molding,NAM,Cleft lip,Cleft lip and cleft palate,Nasal molding device

Manuscript Type : Case Report

Page : 170-181

The purpose of these case reports was to introduce the usage of Nasoform in two newborns with unilateral cleft lip. The first patient presented with unilateral incomplete cleft lip and alveolus on the left side, started using a lip strap at age 4 days and started using Nasoform at age 12 days. The second patient presented with unilateral complete cleft lip and cleft palate on the left side, started using a lip strap at age 5 days and started using Nasoform together with obturator at age 21 days. Nasal molding with Nasoform was performed continuously until the date of cleft lip-nose surgical correction. Two weeks after surgery, Nasoform was used to support and mold the structure of the nose during wound healing process. The symmetry of the nose on the face of the patients at age of 15 months, was partly the result of using Nasoform as pre and post surgical nasal molding device.
2
Page : 182-189

Title : The Effect of Surface Treatments on Shear Bond Strength of Repaired Acrylic Denture Teeth with Resin Composite

Author(s) : Jirat Srihatajati, Pattarawadee Krassanairawiwong, Michell Veeraklaew, Thunyakamon Disakul, Piyawut Thitisakyothin, Thita Phinyoyang, Parima Rattanatikul

Keyword(s) : Surface treatment,Acrylic denture teeth,Resin composite,Shear bond strength,Bonding agent

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 182-189

Objective: To evaluate the effects of surface treatments on the shear bond strength between acrylic denture teeth and resin composite. Materials and methods: In this study, 50 acrylic denture teeth were divided into 5 groups, 10 for each. For Group 1, the acrylic denture teeth were treated with Methyl methacrylate for 180 seconds. Group 2, the acrylic denture teeth were treated with Methyl methacrylate for 180 seconds and silane. Group 3, the acrylic denture teeth were treated with 37 % Phosphoric acid and Methyl methacrylate for 180 seconds. Group 4, the acrylic denture teeth were treated with 37 % Phosphoric acid, Methyl methacrylate for 180 seconds and silane. And group 5, the acrylic denture teeth were treated with air-abrasion, 37 % Phosphoric acid, Methyl methacrylate for 180 seconds and silane. All specimens were applied with bonding agent after the surface treatments. The resin composite was packed using a mold with a space of 3 mm in diameter and 3 mm in high. The specimens were incubated in a control humidity and temperature for 24 hours before the testing. The shear bond strength was tested with the SHIMADZU EZ-S Universal Testing Machine. The shear bond strength was analyzed by using One-Way ANOVA to determine the significant differences at p-value <0.05, and multiple comparisons of shear bond strength by using Turkey’s HSD. Failures mode was evaluated by randomly selecting 3 specimens from each group to investigated under the scanning electron microscope. Results: The averages shear bond strength of group 1 to 5 are 6.123 + 0.828, 6.012 + 0.893, 6.336 + 0.843, 6.173 + 0.876 and 20.901 + 0.851 MPa, respectively. Upon analysis using a One-Way ANOVA, there were no statistical differences shown in shear bond strength when comparing between Groups 1 to 4, but they were statistically significantly different when compared to group 5 (p<0.001). Once the specimens were evaluated under the scanning electron microscope, all groups were categorized under the failure modes as adhesive, with Group 5 showing the highest amount of surface roughness. Conclusion: The acrylic denture teeth that were treated with air-abrasion, 37 % Phosphoric acid, Methyl methacrylate for 180 seconds, silane and bonding agent, respectively, had the highest shear bond strength compared to the other groups with statistical significance. The surface roughness created by air abrasion so increased the surface area available for bonding.
3
Page : 190-197

Title : Effect of Oral Simvastatin on Reduction of Periodontal Attachment loss: Observational study

Author(s) : Pichaya Wairojanakul, Pusadee Yotnuengnit

Keyword(s) : Oral Simvastatin,clinical attachment loss reduction,periodontal attachment loss reduction

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 190-197

The objective of this study was to establish whether there is an association between doses of oral simvastatin and a reduction of periodontal attachment loss. This study was approved by the Committee for Human Research of Faculty of Dentistry/Faculty of Pharmacy at Mahidol University. Forty-one patients, age range of 46 to 79 years, of whom 31 were female, were observed. They were taking an oral simvastatin which was prescribed by their physicians.
 Twenty-six patients were taking 5 or 10 mg/day, and 15 patients were taking 20 or 40 mg/day. They were in supportive periodontal treatment for 6 to 24 months. Medical history, medications and supplements, dosage and durations of simvastatin taken, and serum lipid levels were reviewed. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index was measured. Clinical attachment loss was recorded and compared site by site with the records at last maintenance visit. The percentage of sites which changes ≥ 2 mm either reduction or increment were calculated. Two independent sample t-tests, Spearman rank correlation, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were used. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The average percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss reductions ≥ 2 mm in the group taking simvastatin doses 5 or 10 mg/day, and 20 or 40 mg/day were 11.18 ± 6.65 and 10.38 ± 6.91 respectively. These were not found to be significantly different nor was there evidence of a dose-response effect. Oral hygiene was found to be related with the reduction. The dose of oral simvastatin is not associated with a reduction of periodontal attachment loss.
4
Page : 198-208

Title : Effect of Fluoride Varnish with Xylitol-coated Calcium and Phosphate Versus Fluoride Varnish on Early Childhood Caries Prevention at 6-Month Follow-up: A Randomized Control Trial

Author(s) : Onauma Angwaravong, Sujitra Soontornpakornkij, Waranuch Pitiphat, Thidarat Angwarawong

Keyword(s) : Calcium phosphate,Children,Dental caries,Fluoride varnish,Primary teeth

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 198-208

This double-blind randomized control trial aimed to compare the effects of fluoride varnish with xylitol-coated calcium and phosphate versus fluoride varnish on dental caries increment and transition among preschool children over a period of 6 months. Participants were high caries risk children with at least one erupted tooth, aged not more than 3 years, in Muang District of Khon Kaen. The participants were blocked randomized into two groups (n=120 each) to receive either fluoride varnish with xylitol-coated calcium and phosphate or fluoride varnish every 3 months. Data were collected from guardians using structured questionnaire at baseline. Dental caries were examined using modified ICDAS II. Caries increments were compared at 6 months using Mann-Whitney U test, and caries transition using Generalized Estimating Equations. The results indicated no statistically significant difference in the mean caries increment between the two groups (p>0.05). The transition of enamel caries lesions to the state of regression or stable was not different between groups (p>0.05). The results showed no differences between the two types of fluoride varnish in caries prevention among preschool children at 6-month follow-up. Further evaluation is needed to compare their longer-term effects.
5
Page : 209-215

Title : Analysis of Maxillary Incisor Tooth Dimensions and Gingival Phenotype in Thai Young Adults

Author(s) : Pimchanok Sutthiboonyapan, Kajorn Kungsadalpipob, Kanoktep Jamsakorn, Suphakrit Pumnil

Keyword(s) : Gingival phenotype,Gingival biotype,Maxillary incisors,Tooth dimension,Tooth proportion

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 209-215

This study aimed to evaluate the association between maxillary incisor tooth dimensions and gingival phenotype in Thai young adults. Two calibrated examiners examined 400 maxillary incisors from 100 subjects. The gingival phenotype was assessed by transparency probing and visual assessment. Clinical parameters, tooth shape, crown width, crown length, and papilla height were measured. Tooth dimensions were analyzed between tooth shapes. Comparison of tooth dimensions between gingival phenotypes was performed by statistical analysis. The results showed that ovoid, square, and triangular teeth presented with similar tooth proportion (p>0.05). However, a significantly higher papilla height was found in triangular teeth compared with ovoid and square teeth (mean = 4.26±0.65 vs 3.69±0.74 and 3.63±0.78 mm, respectively, p<0.05). The crown length was significantly shorter and tooth proportion was significantly higher in teeth with flat gingival contour than teeth with scalloped gingival contour. Tooth proportion was significantly associated with thin gingival phenotype and scalloped contour gingiva. In summary, there was no difference in tooth dimensions between the tooth shapes evaluated. Lower tooth proportion was found in thin gingival phenotype, thick scalloped- and thin scalloped gingival contour. For clinical assessment, tooth proportion and tooth shape are influenced by papilla height and the gingival contour.
6
Page : 216-229

Title : Comparison of Retention between Two Implant Attachment Systems after Fatigue Test

Author(s) : Kittithorn Lertsuriyakarn, Mali Palanuwec

Keyword(s) : Fatigue test,Implant attachment,Implant overdenture retention,Retentive force

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 216-229

The aim of this study was to compare retention after mechanical fatigue test 5,400 cycles between two implant attachment systems, the Locator® and the Locator R-Tx®. Ten samples of each system were investigated for the retentive forces. The retentive forces before fatigue test and subsequently after 900, 1,800, 3,600, and 5,400 cycles simulated 3-year functional life were recorded. Instron universal testing machine was a measurement with a crosshead speed of 5 cm per minute and 3 mm vertical range (0.14 Hz frequency). Descriptive statistics was represented as means and standard deviations. The retentive forces of both systems across each cycle of the whole fatigue test were compared by independent t-test (α = 0.05). Both systems resulted in decreased retentive forces in the overall fatigue test. The retentive force of the Locator R-Tx® exhibited from baseline to 5,400 cycles with 19.24 ± 1.12 N to 10.70 ± 1.75 N accordingly, and the Locator® exhibited from 19.95 ± 0.78 N to 11.65 ± 0.94 N. Although, the retentive forces of the Locator® in each cycle were higher than the Locator R-Tx® through the whole fatigue test, both systems were not statistically significant different (P<0.05) in each cycle. In conclusion, retention of the Locator R-Tx® and the Locator® was not significantly different both initial retention and final retention within 5,400 cycles fatigue test representing 3-year functional life. The Locator R-Tx® was an innovation to replace the Locator®, and it had improved geometry and design. This study supported that the Locator R-Tx® could provide retention similar to the Locator® which was a standard and popular implant attachment in the world’s market.
7
Page : 243-251

Title : Effects of Orthodontic Treatment on the Upper Airway Dimension in Nongrowing Patients

Author(s) : Bancha Samruajbenjakun, Chonticha Kitiwiriyakul

Keyword(s) : Cephalogram,Orthodontics,Skeletal pattern,Upper airway

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 243-251

The upper airway dimension can be affected by many factors including orthodontic treatment. Previous studies showed large anterior teeth retraction decreased the length and volume of the upper airway. However, no studies have presented the effects of the amount of anterior teeth retraction on the upper airway. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the amount of anterior retraction on the upper airway and hyoid position. The extraction group included 107 adult patients diagnosed with skeletal Class I relationship and dental Class I malocclusion who received four premolar extractions. Thirty adult patients who received non-extraction treatment were selected for the non-extraction group. The extraction group was divided into three subgroups depending on the retraction distance of lower incisors: E1 for small amounts, E2 for medium amounts, and E3 for large amounts of lower incisors retraction. Lateral cephalograms before and after treatment were collected. Comparisons of the three extraction subgroups showed differences between groups at SPP-SPPW, TB-TPPW and V-LPW. At the level of the soft palate (SPP-SPPW), E1 was different from E2. At the level of the base of the tongue (TB-TBBW), E1 was different from E3. At the level of the epiglottis (V-LPW), E1 was different from E2 and E3 (P<0.05). In summary, the retraction of lower incisors of more than 3 mm might decrease velopharynx, glossopharynx and hypopharynx.
8
Page : 230-242

Title : Cross-Sectional Microhardness of Area Adjacent to Cemented Bands

Author(s) : Somkamol Vanichvatana, Chawalid Pianmee, Thipawan Tharapiwattananon

Keyword(s) : Enamel demineralization,Orthodontic band cement,Cross-sectional microhardness

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 230-242

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of banding cement on enamel demineralization at the area adjacent to cemented bands. This in vitro study was conducted on 60 human premolars. The teeth were smooth polished and painted with nail varnish, except a   1 x 2 mm2 window on the middle of distal surfaces. Sixty teeth were divided into 6 groups: (1) zinc phosphate cement (ZP), (2) zinc polycarboxylate cement (ZPC), (3) conventional glass ionomer cement (GI), (4) resin-modified glass ionomer cement - powder/liquid (RMGI-PL), (5) resin-modified glass ionomer cement - paste/paste (RMGI-PP), and (6) polyacid-modified composite resin (PMCR). All specimens were themocycled for 24 hours, and pH cycled for 21 days. The teeth were then debanded, decemented, mesiodistally sectioned, and assessed by cross-sectional microhardness. Determinations were made at cervical points 50, 400 and 700 micron away from the band margin and beneath the bands. In all of these positions, 6 indentations were made at depth of 10, 25, 40, 60, 80, and 100 micron from the polished enamel surface. The enamel cross-sectional microhardness reductions of each cement type was found that RMGI-PP < ZPC < GI < ZP = RMGI-PL < PMCR. The multiple comparison test of percent change cross-sectional microhardness showed that the RMGI-PP and ZPC groups were significantly less than the RMGI-PL and PMCR groups at depths of 10 micron. There were no statistically significant differences between the RMGI-PP, ZPC, GI and ZP groups at 50 micron from the band margins. It is concluded that RMGI-PP showed the most effective results in inhibiting demineralization at the area adjacent to cemented bands, but not different effective for reducing superficial enamel demineralization surrounding bands between RMGI-PP, ZPC, GI, and ZP.
1
Page : 83-93

Title : Titanium and Titanium Alloys in Implant Dentistry

Author(s) : Kavita Kanjanamekanant

Keyword(s) : Osseointegration,Titanium,Implants

Manuscript Type : Review Article (บทความปริทัศน์)

Page : 83-93

Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys have been widely used as biomaterials in medical and dental aspects. Titanium has high strength, excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. In dentistry, titanium gains increasing important role as an implant material used in restoration for tooth loss. The uses of titanium, as well as research and developments of this material, are becoming in focus. This article reviewed the biological responses to titanium implant placement, and also osseointegration process. Research and developments of titanium and titanium alloys in order to achieve better clinical outcome were also mentioned. 
2
Page : 94-105

Title : Masticatory Muscle Responses to Mandibular Forward Positioning Appliances

Author(s) : Napat Nalamliang, Udom Thongudomporn

Keyword(s) : Electromyography,Masticatory Muscles,Orthodontic Appliances,Functional

Manuscript Type : Review Article (บทความปริทัศน์)

Page : 94-105

An understanding of how the masticatory muscles respond to functional appliances that move the mandibular forward, i.e. activator, Herbst, Forsus appliance, etc. provides a necessary physiologic detail and it is essential to the field of orthodontics and oral physiology. Electromyography (EMG) has been used to assess both qualitative and quantitative muscle functions. A number of studies attempted to find out the response of masticatory muscles during the use of mandibular forward positioning appliances, but the results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this article is to present research findings related to the masticatory muscle responses to mandibular forward positioning appliances assessed by EMG.
3
Page : 106-116

Title : Management of a Traumatized Maxillary Left Central Incisor by Moving the other Central Incisor across the Midline

Author(s) : Pornhathai Liewsaitong, Sikkared Parinyachaiphun, Thanit Charoenrat, Niranlarp Rerksanan

Keyword(s) : Midline crossing,Root resorption,Traumatized tooth

Manuscript Type : Case Report

Page : 106-116

A 12-year-old boy who had a bicycle accident was sent to the orthodontic department to resolve his protrusion problem. His maxillary left lateral incisor was missing because of the accident. The avulsed maxillary left central incisor was replanted. However, three month later, it had external root resorption, so it was removed. The other traumatized maxillary right central incisor was moved across the midline to precede the maxillary left central incisor. Orthodontic treatment was completed within 30 months. Then, the patient was referred to the department of periodontology and operative dentistry for esthetic crown lengthening, frenectomy and composite veneers. There was no significant root resorption. The patient and his parents were satisfied with the results.
 
4
Page : 117-123

Title : Sectional Impression Trays with An Interlocking Handle Using Implant Impression Components to Fabricate Interim Dentures for A Patient with Scleroderma-induced Microstomia

Author(s) : Watcharapong Aroonsang, Surasak Yowcharoensuk

Keyword(s) : Microstomia,Scleroderma,Sectional tray

Manuscript Type : Case Report

Page : 117-123

Recording impressions in patients with microstomia is usually difficult for both the patients and clinicians. It is impossible to use a conventional impression procedure for patients with a limited mouth opening. So, modification of the clinical and laboratory procedures is necessary. This case report describes the construction of maxillary and mandibular sectional impression trays with an interlocking handle, using implant impression components, for a patient with microstomia induced by scleroderma.
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Page : 124-138

Title : Anti-biofilm Activity of Sericin Extract Coated on Titanium by Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Film Technique

Author(s) : Thidarat Angwarawong, Nopchanok Kaewwichian, Panisa Phukrongthaw, Onauma Angwaravong

Keyword(s) : Anti-biofilm activity,Sericin,Polyelectrolyte multilayers film,Titanium

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 124-138

Implant-related infection is a complication that could be found in patients receiving dental implant treatment. It is mainly caused by microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on titanium-base implants. Many studies tried to improve titanium surface properties to achieve antimicrobial activity. Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) film is one of the methods used to modify biomaterial surface properties. Sericin, a glycoprotein produced by silkworm, is capable of promoting osseointegration process and possesses antimicrobial activity. The objective of this study is to improve anti-biofilm activity of titanium surface, using sericin extracts at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 % w/v coating on titanium surface by PEM film technique. The cytotoxicity test was performed on primary human osteoblasts. The anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans was determined by biofilm formation assay and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that titanium coated with sericin extracts showed no toxic effect on osteoblasts at 24 hours incubation period. The percentage of Candida albicans cell viability in biofilm was significantly reduced on sericin-coated titanium surface compared to uncoated group, whereas no significant difference of Staphylococcus aureus cell viability was found. The results from SEM analysis corresponded to the results from the biofilm formation assay. In conclusion, coating titanium surfaces with sericin extract at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 % w/v by PEM film technique could reduce Candida albicans biofilm formation on titanium surface. These findings suggested the potential of this technique as an alternative way to reduce complication from Candida albicans infection in patients receiving implant treatment.
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Page : 139-149

Title : Relationship between Symphysis Dimensions and Mandibular Incisors’ Alveolar Bone Thickness in Different Vertical Skeletal Patterns

Author(s) : Phuntin Uengkajornkul, Korapin Mahatumarat, Soontra Panmekiate

Keyword(s) : Alveolar bone thickness,Cone-beam computed tomography,Mandibular incisors,Mandibular symphysis,Vertical skeletal pattern.

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 139-149

This study determined the relationship between symphysis dimensions and the alveolar bone thickness (ABT) at the mandibular incisors in different vertical skeletal patterns. 75 patients (average age 24.5 years) were divided into three groups according to their vertical skeletal pattern (skeletal deepbite, skeletal normal bite, and skeletal openbite). The labial and lingual ABTs at the mandibular incisors at the cervical, mid-root, and apical levels and the mandibular symphysis height and width were measured from cone-beam computed tomography images. The symphysis ratio was the ratio of symphysis width to symphysis height. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences in symphysis dimensions and ABT between the three groups and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between symphysis dimensions and ABTs at a 0.05 significance level. The symphysis dimensions and ABT were related in every skeletal pattern. Symphysis height negatively correlated with only labial apical ABT in skeletal normal bite patients. The relationship between symphysis width and ratio and ABT, mainly at the lingual surface, in skeletal openbite patients was the strongest, followed by skeletal normal bite and deepbite patients. The positive relationship between the mandibular symphysis width and symphysis ratio and ABT at the mandibular incisors was the strongest in skeletal openbite patients. The skeletal openbite patients with a taller symphysis had a stronger tendency to have a thinner lingual mid-root to apical ABT and total apical ABT compared with the other vertical skeletal patterns. The limited amount of mandibular incisor tooth movement in these patients should be considered.
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Page : 150-157

Title : The Effect of Various Types of Silane Coupling Agents on The Wettability of Hydrofluoric Acid-Etched/Unetched Lithium Disilicate Surfaces

Author(s) : Tool Sriamporn, Tanapon Tarateeraseth, Niyom Thamrongananskul

Keyword(s) : Contact angle,Hydrofluoric acid,Lithium disilicate,Silane coupling agent,Surface treatment

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 150-157

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treating the etched/unetched lithium disilicate surface with various types of silane coupling agents on the contact angle measurement. One hundred fifty lithium disilicate disks were prepared to dimensions of 10 millimeters in diameter and 3 millimeters in height. The samples were randomly divided into two groups: hydrofluoric etched and unetched lithium disilicate surfaces before silane application. Each group was further divided into five subgroups, according to type of silane coupling agent used to treat the prepared surfaces, no treatment (control), Kerr silane primer, Monobond N, Rely X ceramic primer and an experimental silane, respectively. The contact angles between deionized water and the prepared surface were measured using a contact angle tester via the sessile drop method. Data were statistically analyzed using Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (α=0.05). The results showed that in the unetched lithium disilicate disk group, the lowest contact angle values were observed in the control group, whereas the Monobond N group showed the highest contact angle values. Within the etched group, the control group also demonstrated lowest contact angle and the Kerr silane primer group exhibited highest contact angle value. In conclusion, application of silane coupling agents significantly reduced the wettability of deionized water on the silane-coated surface. The type of silane coupling agent selected significantly influenced the wettability of deionized water. Etching the surface with hydrofluoric acid prior to silane application significantly increased surface wettability in all treatment groups except for groups that were treated with resin-containing silane primer.
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Page : 158-169

Title : Influence of Type and Thickness of CAD-CAM Resin Ceramic on Micro-tensile Bond Strength to Dentin

Author(s) : Sirivimol Srisawasdi, Seelassaya Leelaponglit, Yanee Tantilertanant

Keyword(s) : CAD-CAM resin ceramic,Material thickness,Micro-tensile bond strength

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 158-169

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of types and thickness of CAD-CAM resin ceramic on micro-tensile bond strength when using dual-cured resin cement. Flat buccal or lingual surface of 108 extracted healthy human premolars were randomly allocated into 9 groups. Three CAD-CAM resin ceramics Shofu block HC® (SHOFU, Japan), Vita Enamic® (VITA, Germany) and Cerasmart® (GC, USA) were prepared into an approximate size of 4 x 4 mm2, with different thickness of 2, 3 or 4 mm, and bonded to dentin using Scotchbond Universal® (3M ESPE, USA) and RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin Cement® (3M ESPE, USA). After 10,000 cycles of thermocycling, specimens were sectioned into an approximate size of 1 x 1 mm2 with different thickness of 2, 3 or 4 mm for micro-tensile bond testing. Data was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test, and level of confidence was set at 95 %. Considering within the same type of CAD-CAM resin ceramic, micro-tensile bond strength between CAD-CAM resin ceramic and dentin showed no significant difference among all groups of various thicknesses (p = 0.203). However, types of CAD-CAM resin ceramic had a significant effect on the micro-tensile bond strength to bonded dentin (p = 0.032). Cerasmart® showed no significant difference from Shofu block HC® and Vita Enamic® (p = 0.195 and 0.653 respectively), whereas Shofu block HC® was significantly different from Vita Enamic® (p = 0.027). Within the limitation of this study, we concluded that the thickness of resin ceramics may not influence micro-tensile bond strength, while the types of resin ceramics significantly showed more impact on micro-tensile bond strength.
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Page : 1-10

Title : Oral Health Status of Patients with Dementia and their Caregivers’ Ability in Oral Health and Dysphagia Assessment: A Pilot Study

Author(s) : Orapin Komin, Panatcha Weerapol

Keyword(s) : Caregiver,Dementia,Dysphagia,OHAT,Oral health status

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 1-10

The aim of this study is to investigate the oral health status of dental patients with dementia and to evaluate the ability of caregivers of patients with dementia in primary oral health assessment using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and dysphagia detection using the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Nine dementia patients with their caregivers were voluntarily gave consented to participate in the study. Their oral health status and tongue pressure were recorded by oral examination and tongue pressure sensor device. Socio-demographic data, individual information, primary oral health assessment, OHAT, EAT-10, and any symptom-sign correlation of dysphagia was derived from an interview with caregivers. Descriptive statistics were reported by the mean with SD and percentage. The mean age of participants was 83.33 (±4.15) years old. The average remaining teeth was 11.22 (±9.74). Seven participants (77.8 %) had fixed and/or removable dental substitution. Only 33.3 % had at least 20 functional teeth, while 22.2 % had at least four Posterior Occluding Pairs. Almost half of the participants (44.4 %) had periodontal disease, and two (22.2 %) had active dental caries. For the tongue pressure value, four (44.4 %) had a substandard tongue pressure value (less than 20 kPa) which implied the risk of dysphagia. While three out of these four cases can be detected for dysphagia signs by their caregivers using EAT-10. For the OHAT assessment, 55.6 % of the caregivers had similar OHAT scores with dental professionals. The differences between caregivers and dental professionals in their OHAT assessment were in the sections of oral cleanliness, the status of natural teeth, and the quantity of saliva, while the largest frequency of agreements were lips, dentures, and dental pain. The results showed that the oral health of the patients with dementia is not so good as almost half of the participants have a problem with periodontal disease and 70% have less than 20 natural teeth. Also almost 80 % have less than four occluding pairs. However, caregivers have the potential in dysphagia early detection and the ability in oral health assessment which indicate the need for further study and to develop a training program for caregivers.

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Page : 11-25

Title : Effects of Palaseal® Coating Agent on Surface Roughness of Heat-polymerized Denture Base Acrylic Resins

Author(s) : Duangjai Uraivichaikul, Issarawan Boonsiri, Kamolporn Wattanasirmkit

Keyword(s) : acrylic resins,coating agents,Palaseal®,surface coating,surface roughness

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 11-25

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of Palaseal® on surface roughness of acrylic resins which passed different polishing techniques. One hundred eighty heat-polymerized polymethymethacrylate specimens
were fabricated and finished with abrasive sandpaper. Then they were randomly equally divided into six groups. A control group (N) was neither polished nor Palaseal® coated. The others were experimental groups as follows: No polishing with Palaseal® coating (NC), pumice and Tripoli polishing without coating (P), pumice and Tripoli polishing with coating (PC), silicone points polishing without coating (S), silicone points polishing with coating (SC). Changes in surface roughness were measured with a profilometer and calculated Ra of specimens. SEM was utilized for surface visualization and surface roughness confirmation. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) were used for statistical analysis. Group (N) had the highest mean Ra value (670.5 nm.) whereas group (PC) had the lowest mean Ra value (241.9 nm.). Groups (N, NC) had the mean Ra value (670.5, 394.5 nm.) significantly (P<0.01) more than groups (S, SC) (300.1, 254.9 nm.) and groups (P, PC) (283.2, 241.9 nm.) respectively. Differences of the mean Ra values between Palaseal® uncoated groups (N, P, S) and coated groups (NC, PC, SC) were statistically significant (P<0.01). Lastly, there was interaction between surface polishing and Palaseal® coating. Palaseal® coating on heat polymerized acrylic resins enhanced surface smoothness of acrylic resins polished with pumice and Tripoli and silicone points, including finished with abrasive sandpaper.

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Page : 26-35

Title : Factors Affecting the Failure of Class II SMART Restorations in Mandibular Primary Molar Teeth in Preschoolers Participating in the Dental Proactive Project of Public Health Region 12

Author(s) : Pichanun Srisommai, Suda Saetiew, Oitip Chankanka, Duangthida Paiboonwarachart

Keyword(s) : Glass ionomer cement,Primary teeth,Dental caries,Restorative technique,ART

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 26-35

Objectives: This study aimed to assess associations between occluso-proximal caries related factors and success/failure of class II restorations in mandibular primary molar teeth using the SMART technique and to assess failure characteristics of Class II restorations using the SMART technique in mandibular primary molar teeth. Methods: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee at The Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University.
Children aged 3-5 years old having dentinal caries on occluso-proximal surfaces were recruited for this study. One hundred and forty-one teeth were examined for clinical information regarding caries lesions and related factors. Dental models were cast from putty silicone impressions. For all selected teeth, soft caries was removed by spoon excavators and then restored with glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX GP Extra capsule, GC Corp., Japan) by dental therapists as part of an ongoing regular project. Clinical examination for ART scores was conducted at 6-month follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: The success rate of SMART Class II restorations was 70.7 %. Based on the multivariable logistic regression model, occluso-distal lesion in the primary mandibular first molar, interproximal gingival inflammation and interproximal space were statistically significantly associated with higher failure rate of SMART Class II restorations. Loss of restoration was the most common failure for the restorations. Conclusions: For SMART Class II restorations having an occluso-distal lesion in primary first molars, having adjacent interproximal gingival inflammation and having interproximal space were more likely to fail in SMART Class II restorations.

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Page : 36-44

Title : Consistency of Orthodontic Treatment Need Indexes in the Community between Orthodontist, General Dentist and Dental Nurse

Author(s) : Angkana Thearmontree, Rongrong Promchan, Supanee Suntornlohanakul

Keyword(s) : Orthodontic treatment need,Community Orthodontic Treatment Need index,Dental Aesthetic Index,Dental nurse,General dentist

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 36-44

The objective of this study was to evaluate the consistency and time consumed of the Community Orthodontic Treatment Need (COTN) index that was developed by researchers from the Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla
University compared with the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The samples consisted of 80 students (18 males and 62 females) aged 15 to 20 years (17.6±1.6 years) in Hat Yai, Songkhla. The samples were examined with DAI
and COTN indexes by orthodontist, standardized and well-trained general dentist and dental nurse. Statistical analysis included the Kappa coefficient and paired t-test. Result: Both indexes had good consistency between examiners but COTN was more consistent than DAI. The inter-examiner consistency between orthodontist and general dentist was higher than for orthodontist and dental nurse (Kappa of DAI=0.709 and 0.618, Kappa of COTN=0.717 and 0.623, respectively). When comparing the times consumed between DAI and COTN indexes, the results revealed no significant difference in time consumption between the orthodontist and general dentist (P>0.05) but dental nurse used significantly more time to examine both indexes than orthodontist (P<0.01). In addition, dental nurse used significantly less time with COTN than DAI (P=0.001). This study concluded that well-trained dental nurse and general dentist were able to determine orthodontic treatment need using both indexes. Higher consistency and less time consumption were found when performing with the COTN index compared to the DAI index.

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Page : 45-53

Title : Evaluation of the Push-out Bond Strength of MTA-based Sealer in the Simulated Immature Root Models

Author(s) : Sirikul Wanapaisarn, Nateetorn Plukwatchalakul, Peeraporn Taweewattanapaisan, Chinalai Piyachon

Keyword(s) : Push-out bond strength,Root canal sealer,MTA

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 45-53

The aim of this study was to compare the push-out bond strength of MTA Fillapex to AH Plus and CU Sealer in simulated immature root models. The models were created from forty-five extracted single root premolars and
randomly divided into three groups of fifteen each. Root canals were obturated with gutta-percha and one of thefollowing sealers: MTA Fillapex, AH Plus and CU Sealer. After immersion in phosphate buffered saline for twenty-eight days, the roots were cut perpendicularly to the long axis to create 3-mm thick slices from the apical end of roots. The push-out bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine. Failure modes were determined under scanning electron microscopy. The highest mean of push-out bond strength was found in AH Plus group, followed by MTA Fillapex and CU Sealer sequentially at p<0.05. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, MTA Fillapex showed less push-out bond strength to root dentin when compared to AH Plus sealer.

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Page : 54-62

Title : The Comparison of the Effect of Antacid and Remineralizing Agent on the Prevention of Enamel Surface Loss and Microhardness of Human Enamel Exposed to Hydrochloric Acid

Author(s) : Krittaporn Jomthepmala, Vasana Patanapiradej

Keyword(s) : Hydrochloric acid,Enamel surface loss,Microhardness,Antacid,Remineralizing agent

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 54-62

The aims of this study were to compare the effects of antacid and remineralizing agent on the prevention of enamel surface loss and microhardness of enamel exposed to hydrochloric acid. Flat specimens on buccal enamel
surface of 60 extracted human premolar teeth were prepared. Each specimen was subjected to microhardness measurement to obtain a baseline value. The specimens were allocated into 3 groups (n=20) consisting of the
treatments: antacid, remineralizing agent and control group. All specimens were exposed to hydrochloric acid for 2 minutes. Then the specimens were either immersed in antacid for 2 minutes or applied remineralizing agent for 3 minutes depending on the experimental groups. Finally, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 24 hours. The process was repeated for 5 cycles. The final microhardness and enamel surface loss were assessed. The data were analyzed statistically with the level of significance at p<0.05. Using Paired T-test to compare baseline and final microhardness within group, Welch ANOVA and Game-Howell multiple comparisons to compare baseline and final microhardness between groups, One-way ANOVA and Post hoc Turkey’s test to compare enamel surface loss between groups. The final microhardness of all groups was significantly lower than the baseline microhardness (p<0.001). Compared to control group, the final microhardness was significantly higher when using antacid and remineralizing agent (p=0.001 and 0.003 respectively) and the enamel surface loss was significantly lower when using antacid and remineralizing agent (p<0.001 and 0.006 respectively). The final microhardness and enamel surface loss between the antacid and remineralizing agent groups were not significantly different. From the result of this study, the effects of antacid and remineralizing agent on the prevention of enamel surface loss and microhardness of human enamel exposed to hydrochloric acid were not significantly different.

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Page : 63-71

Title : Comparison of Demineralization Resistance on Root Dentin of Calcium Silicate Based-material and Glass Ionomer Cement

Author(s) : Kitinee Wattanasookchai, Rangsima Sakoolnamarka

Keyword(s) : Glass ionomer cement,Demineralization resistance,Knoop microhardness,Root dentin,Calcium silicate based-material

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 63-71

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of calcium silicate based-material and glass ionomer cement on root dentin demineralization resistance. Sixty root dentin specimens from human permanent premolars were prepared to obtain standardized cavities and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15): group1-negative control (no restoration), group 2- conventional glass ionomer cement, group 3-resin modified glass ionomer cement and group 4- calcium silicate based-materials. The surface knoop microhardness test was performed on root dentin at 50, 100, 150 and 200 μm from restoration margin. The specimens were subjects to pH-cycling model then, surface knoop microhardness test was measured again. Two specimens from each group were randomly selected to assess mineral composition in dentin adjacent to restorative materials using energy dispersive X-ray  pectroscopy. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test with the level of significance at p<0.05. Surface microhardness loss of root dentin from group 4 was significantly lower than the other groups in every distance from restoration margin. Surface microhardness loss of root dentin from group 2 and 3 was not significantly different but the surface microhardness loss from both groups was significantly different from group 1. From the results of this study, root dentin restored with calcium silicate based-material had higher demineralization resistance than root dentin restored with glass ionomer cement until 200 μm from restoration margin.

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Page : 72-82

Title : The Effects of 4 mg Dexamethasone on Anti-inflammation and Quality of Life after Surgical Removal of The Lower Third Molar: A Split-mouth Triple-blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Study

Author(s) : Laddawun Sununliganon, Thachaya Satavuthi, Chatchai Pesee, Takerngsuk Phetchuay, Phensiri Sangroongrangsri, Bhakajira Suppateepmongkol, Rinruedee Phothinamthong, Chatchai Sirirungseero

Keyword(s) : Anti-inflammation,Dexamethasone,Surgical removal of the third molar

Manuscript Type : Original Article (บทวิทยาการ)

Page : 72-82

Inflammatory complications following third molar surgery are a concern of patients. Dexamethasone, one of the corticosteroids, possesses an anti-inflammatory property that can reduce inflammation. However, there is no consensus on an appropriate administration. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory outcomes of 4 mg dexamethasone given by pre-operative submucosal injection after the surgical removal of third molars. A split-mouth, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out with 17 participants (34 impacted teeth) having bilateral identical lower third molar impaction. Submucosal injection of either 4 mg dexamethasone or placebo was given after anesthetization of the inferior alveolar nerve according to random assignment. The time interval between the first and second operation was a 4week period. Single surgeon, assessor, and data analyst were arranged and they did not know of drug use. Onset and duration of local anesthetic were collected. On postoperative days 1, 2, 3 and 7, pain intensity was recorded using a visual analog scale. At baseline and postoperative days 1, 3 and 7, swelling and maximal mouth opening were measured. No effect of dexamethasone on swelling and mouth opening was detected when compared to control. However, dexamethasone injection group showed significantly less pain than control at every time points, p<0.05. The quality of life in the physical domain was better in dexamethasone injection group than control. For third molar surgery, 4 mg dexamethasone did not demonstrate a benefit in anti-swelling or improve mouth opening. However, it significantly reduced pain and improved quality of life.